Brand Names: Lyrica, Alzain, Axalid, Lecaent.

Definition: Pregabalin is a gabapentinoid medication used to treat chronic pain conditions and certain neurological disorders. It works by binding to specific subunits of calcium channels in the central nervous system, which helps reduce the release of neurotransmitters involved in pain signaling and seizure activity. It is primarily prescribed for neuropathic pain (such as from diabetes or shingles), fibromyalgia, generalized anxiety disorder, and as an add-on treatment for epilepsy.

Brand Names: Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant, Fanatrex.

Definition: Gabapentin is a gabapentinoid medication primarily used to treat neuropathic pain and as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of partial seizures. While its structure is similar to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), it does not bind to GABA receptors; instead, it works by affecting the way nerves send messages to the brain. It is commonly prescribed for conditions such as postherpetic neuralgia (nerve pain following shingles) and restless legs syndrome.

Definition: Omega-3 fatty acids are essential polyunsaturated fats, primarily alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which the body cannot produce on its own. They play a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular health by reducing triglycerides and systemic inflammation while supporting the structural integrity of cell membranes in the brain and retina. These supplements are widely used to improve cognitive function, manage joint stiffness in inflammatory conditions, and support overall heart health.

Definition: Omega-7 fatty acids, most commonly found as palmitoleic acid, are a class of monounsaturated fats found in specific sources like sea buckthorn oil and macadamia nuts. They function as signaling molecules known as lipokines, which help regulate systemic metabolism and improve insulin sensitivity by modulating adipose tissue inflammation. These supplements are frequently used to support the health of skin and mucous membranes, particularly for alleviating dryness in the eyes, mouth, and vaginal tissues.

Definition: Magnesium is a vital mineral and electrolyte that serves as a cofactor in more than 300 enzymatic reactions within the human body, including energy production, protein synthesis, and DNA maintenance. It is essential for proper nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and the maintenance of a stable heart rhythm by regulating the transport of calcium and potassium across cell membranes. Magnesium supplements are commonly utilized to relieve muscle cramps, improve sleep quality, manage psychological stress, and support long-term bone density.

Definition: Palmitoylethanolamide is an endogenous fatty acid amide that belongs to the class of nuclear factor agonists, specifically acting on the PPAR-alpha receptor to regulate inflammatory and pain signaling. It works by modulating the activation of mast cells and glia cells, which are key drivers in the development of chronic and neuropathic pain. It is widely used as a supplement to manage conditions such as sciatica, carpal tunnel syndrome, and chronic neuroinflammation due to its ability to reduce pain without the typical side effects of traditional analgesics.

Definition: Collagen is the primary structural protein found in the body's connective tissues, including skin, tendons, ligaments, and bones. Supplementation typically involves hydrolyzed collagen peptides, which provide specific amino acids like glycine and proline that stimulate the body's own synthesis of collagen fibers. It is primarily used to enhance skin elasticity and hydration, support joint mobility by maintaining cartilage integrity, and promote the overall strength and health of hair and nails.

Definition: Zinc is an essential trace mineral involved in numerous aspects of cellular metabolism, including immune function, protein synthesis, and cell division. It acts as a catalyst for more than 300 enzymes and plays a vital role in DNA synthesis, wound healing, and normal growth and development. It is widely used as a supplement to boost immune response, support skin health, and protect cells from oxidative stress.

Definition: L-glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body, serving as a critical building block for proteins and a primary fuel source for immune and intestinal cells. It plays a key role in nitrogen transport and acid-base balance while helping to maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier. It is frequently used by athletes to promote muscle recovery and prevent catabolism, as well as by individuals seeking to support gut health and immune function.

Brand Names: Lyrica, Alzain, Axalid, Lecaent.

Definition: Pregabalin is a gabapentinoid medication used to treat chronic pain conditions and certain neurological disorders. It works by binding to specific subunits of calcium channels in the central nervous system, which helps reduce the release of neurotransmitters involved in pain signaling and seizure activity. It is primarily prescribed for neuropathic pain (such as from diabetes or shingles), fibromyalgia, generalized anxiety disorder, and as an add-on treatment for epilepsy.

Brand Names: Novalgin, Analgin, Nolotil, Dipyrone, Neo-Melubrina.

Definition: Metamizole is a powerful analgesic (pain reliever), antipyretic (fever reducer), and spasmolytic (spasm reliever) medication. It belongs to the ampyrone sulfonate family and is particularly effective for severe acute pain, such as post-operative pain, colic, or cancer pain, when other treatments are unsuitable. Although it is not classified as an NSAID, it shares some of their properties. In some countries, its use is strictly regulated or banned due to the rare but serious risk of agranulocytosis (a dangerous drop in white blood cell levels).

Brand Names: Zoloft, Lustral, Gladem, Stimuloton.

Definition: Sertraline is an antidepressant belonging to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It works by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood, sleep, and emotions. It is widely prescribed for the treatment of major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Brand Names: Quviviq.

Definition: Daridorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) used for the treatment of adults with insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance. It works by blocking the binding of wake-promoting neuropeptides called orexins to their receptors in the brain. Rather than inducing general sedation like older sleep medications, it specifically turns down the "wake" signals in the brain, helping patients fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer with a lower risk of next-day grogginess.

Brand Names: Ambien, Ambien CR, Intermezzo, Edluar, Zolpimist, Stilnox.

Definition: Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic medication belonging to the imidazopyridine class, used for the short-term treatment of insomnia. It works by enhancing the effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, specifically targeting the alpha-1 subunit of the GABA-A receptor. This mechanism helps to initiate sleep quickly by slowing down brain activity. Because of its rapid onset, it is primarily prescribed to help patients who have difficulty falling asleep.

Brand Names: Ativan, Loreev XR, Temesta.

Definition: Lorazepam is a medication in the benzodiazepine class used to treat anxiety disorders, insomnia, and acute seizures. It works by enhancing the effects of GABA, a natural inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, which produces a calming effect on the central nervous system. Due to its sedative and muscle-relaxant properties, it is also frequently used as a premedication before surgery or to manage symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.

Brand Names: Dipiperon, Propitoke.

Definition: Pipamperone is a first-generation antipsychotic medication belonging to the butyrophenone class. It is distinguished by its high affinity for both serotonin receptors and dopamine receptors. It is primarily used to manage schizophrenia, chronic psychoses, and behavioral disorders characterized by agitation or aggression. Due to its significant sedative effects, it is also commonly prescribed to treat severe sleep disturbances in patients with psychiatric conditions.

Brand Names: NA

Definition: Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. As a medication or supplement, it is primarily used for the short-term treatment of insomnia, jet lag, and sleep disorders related to shift work. It works by signaling to the body that it is nighttime, helping to reduce the time it takes to fall asleep and improving sleep quality without the heavy sedative effects of traditional hypnotics.

Brand Names: Cozaar.
Definition: Losartan is a medication belonging to the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) class, primarily used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and to protect the kidneys from damage caused by diabetes. It works by blocking the binding of angiotensin II to its receptors, which prevents blood vessels from narrowing and promotes vasodilation, thereby lowering blood pressure and improving blood flow. Additionally, it is frequently prescribed to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with high blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy, and to slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.